Some Serologic Biomarkers of Multiple Sclerosis Activity: A Narrative Review

Abstract

Interferon-beta (IFN-𝛽) preparations represent a well-established cohort of pharmaceu tical agents employed for immunomodulation in individuals diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS). The clinical courses and manifestations of MS exhibit considerable variability, ranging from mild forms to progressive stages characterized by the development of irreversible clinical deficits with limited responsiveness to standard therapeutic interventions. Notably, highly effective treatments have been developed and have become readily accessible in recent years. The imperative for reliable markers for disease detection, staging, and prognosis prediction arises. This review presents some serologic biomarkers of MS activity, such as antibodies to IFN-𝛽, MxA, viperin, NfL, and IL-17 , which are of interest for predicting MS activity and may contribute to informed decisions regarding optimal therapeutic strategies.Interferon-beta (IFN-𝛽) preparations represent a well-established cohort of pharmaceu tical agents employed for immunomodulation in individuals diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS). The clinical courses and manifestations of MS exhibit considerable variability, ranging from mild forms to progressive stages characterized by the development of irreversible clinical deficits with limited responsiveness to standard therapeutic interventions. Notably, highly effective treatments have been developed and have become readily accessible in recent years. The imperative for reliable markers for disease detection, staging, and prognosis prediction arises. This review presents some serologic biomarkers of MS activity, such as antibodies to IFN-𝛽, MxA, viperin, NfL, and IL-17 , which are of interest for predicting MS activity and may contribute to informed decisions regarding optimal therapeutic strategies.