NON-INVASIVE METHODS FOR CARDIAC OUTPUT MEASUREMENT IN NEWBORNS: AN APPRAISAL OF THE LITERATURE

Abstract

Hemodynamic disorders accompany any severe pathology in patients of all age groups, including newborns, significantly affect the further quality of life of patients who have undergone critical conditions. The clinical manifestations of hemodynamic disturbances in young children are not specific, they are significantly delayed and, accordingly, are not always recognized in time. Great progress has been made recently in cardiac output assessment in newborn infants. Back in the 1970’s cardiac output assessment in neonates was obtained using the Fick method and the dilution or thermodilution methods, these invasive methods are risky and disadvantageous. An ideal cardiac output monitoring system should be non-invasive, easy to use and reliable. Non-invasive monitoring of cardiac output is a subject of great interest in the treatment of emergency and critical conditions in newborns. Мonitoring of hemodynamic parameters allows you to detect minimal changes in the vital functions of the body in the early stages. To ensure the timely start of intensive care, its high quality conduct and not only increases survival, but also leads to a decrease in disability in newborns due to hypoxic lesions of the central nervous system. In this literature review we present and compare various noninvasive methods currently used to measure cardiac output in newborn infants and highlight their advantages and disadvantages.