Cluster-Based Diagnostic for Diabetes, Insights from Europe and Asia

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has emerged as a major global health challenge, with its prevalence steadily rising in recent decades. The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) Diabetes Atlas projecting that the number of individuals living with diabetes will reach 783 million by 2045. The Asian region is particularly affected, with over 157 million diagnosed cases in 2021, representing about 11% of the region’s total adult population. This review aims to shed light on the heterogeneity within T2DM, emphasizing the importance on the diversity of disease and exhibits the different phenotypic characteristics. The focus of the review is to highlight the significance of understanding these variations in glycemic levels, insulin resistance, complications, heredity, lifestyle, and patient preferences to tailor effective prevention and management strategies. A comprehensive review of recent studies is presented, revealing the importance of personalized approaches in combating the multifaceted challenges related to T2DM. The key findings underscore the critical need for adapting treatment strategies to individual patient profiles, thus mitigating the burden of T2DM and its health consequences. This manuscript underscores the pressing need for additional research endeavors and the formulation of customized interventions to tackle the escalating prevalence of T2DM, both on a global scale and within the Asian region.