Contemporary Methods of Treatment for Palmoplantar Psoriasis: A Literature Review

Abstract

According to recent studies, psoriasis is a genetically determined multifactorial chronic disease primarily affecting the skin, characterized by hyperproliferation and impaired differentiation of epidermal keratinocytes, as well as changes in immune homeostasis leading to the formation of cytokines and mediators. These mediators enhance the proliferation of abnormal keratinocytes and induce an inflammatory response in the dermis. Recently, due to new insights into the pathogenesis of the disease and the emergence of advanced treatments, such as biological therapy, it has become important to understand concomitant diseases. Palmoplantar psoriasis holds a special place among all known clinical forms of psoriasis. It is known that this form of psoriasis is resistant to conventional treatments. This study provides current information on the treatment of palmoplantar psoriasis, considering both local and systemic treatment options. Modern methods and current recommendations for the treatment of psoriasis are discussed. All forms of psoriasis, including palmoplantar pustular psoriasis, significantly worsen patients' quality of life. Patients are often limited in their professional activities, daily life, and relationships with colleagues and relatives. The "Dermatological Quality of Life Index" indicates a high degree of impact of palmoplantar psoriasis on patients' social activity. Modern treatments aim to improve skin condition, prolong remission, and thereby enhance patients' quality of life. Psoriasis is one of the leading chronic recurrent dermatoses. In developed countries, psoriasis affects 1.5-3% to 5-7% of the population, depending on geographical location. The psoriatic process has a chronic, relapsing nature. Remissions can be long, lasting from several months to decades, but in some patients, remission does not occur at all. The prognosis for life with psoriasis is most often favorable.